Banking Regulation Act, 1949

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Banking Regulation Act, 1949

The banking regulation act 1949 extends to the entire nation. Other acts are used as secondary to this act e.g. negotiable instrument act, Companies Act 1956. Passed as the Banking Companies Act 1949, it came into force wef 16 March 1949 and changed to Banking Regulations Act 1949 wef 01.03.1966, it was made applicable to Jammu & Kashmir in the year 1956. The Banking Regulation Act is not pertinent to primary agricultural credit societies, non-agricultural primary credit societies and cooperative land mortgage banks.

Definition of Banking
Banking refers to accepting the deposits of money from public. The deposits are accepted for the purpose of investing, lending and repayable on demand and such money can be withdrawn by draft, cheque, etc.

Banking Company
Banking Company is a company which transacts the business of banking in India. This company fulfils the state of affairs of being a company as given in companies’ act 1956.
Business allowed for a banking company (Section 6)
• Lending/Borrowing of money with/ without security, issuing travellers’ cheque, buying & selling foreign exchange notes, deposits vaults, collecting & transmitting of money & securities, buying bonds and other securities on the behalf of customers.
• Transacting and carrying on every kind of guarantee & indemnity business.
• Selling, managing & realizing any property which comes in possession of the bank in procedure of settlements of claims.
• Executing and undertaking of trusts
• Other works which are advancements of main purpose of the company or incidental
• A form of business that is defined by the Central Government in its issued notification
Prohibition on trading (Section 8)
A banking company cannot get in directly or indirectly contracts in buying or selling or exchange of goods.
Disposal of Non Banking assets (Section 9)
Banks cannot hold any property for more than 7 years for the purpose of settlements of debts or obligations. Such time limit of 7 years can be augmented by the Reserve Bank of India for another 5 years, if it thinks appropriate.
Reserve fund (section 17)
Every banking company must generate a reserve fund out of its earnings after tax and interest. Such reserve amount should be at any rate 20 percent of such profits. Exemption can be provided only if the cumulative amount of reserve fund & securities premium is greater than the paid up capital of the company.
Cash reserve (Section 18)
Atleast 3 percent of the total demand & time liabilities should be kept as cash reserve or should be secured in current account with Reserve Bank of India. Liabilities will not comprise monies received from Reserve Bank of India/ EXIM bank/ Development bank or any such other bank. Such amount should be deposited/ kept on last Friday of every 2nd fortnight of every month. The return should be deposited before twentieth day of every month stating the particulars of amount deposited to Reserve Bank of India.
Accounts & balance sheet (Section 29)
Banking companies should plan balance sheet and profit & loss account on last working day of every accounting year in the forms set out in third schedule. Accounts must be signed by atleast three directors where number of directors exceeds three. If number of directors’ fall short of three, then all directors must sign the accounts. In case of banking company incorporated outside the nation, accounts must be signed by principal officer or manager of the company in India.
Auditing of Banking Company (section 30)
• Balance sheet and Profit & Loss made compliant with section 29 must be audited by a person qualified under law to discharge his duties as an auditor
• The banking company must obtain the approval of Reserve Bank of India before removing/ appointing and re – appointment of auditors.
• When Reserve Bank of India is not satisfied with financial statements of the bank, it can give order for carrying out a special audit. And cost of such special audit must be put up by the banking company itself.
• The liabilities, powers and scope of the auditor are same as given in section 227 of companies act 1956.
Additional disclosure requirements
• Whether the details given are correct & present fair and true view, whether transactions done by the company comes under the purview of companies powers.
• Safety of assets
• Any other matter which needs to be disclosed
• Such report of auditor must be submitted to Reserve Bank of India in three copies in prescribed manner. Reserve Bank of India may extend the period of three months for furnishing of such returns, if Reserve Bank of India finds it justified to do so.